Creating Immediacy Using Verbal and Nonverbal Methods

References

1. ↵
   1. Richmond VP,
   2. McCroskey JC,
   3. Hickson ML

   . Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations. 7th rev. ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon/Pearson Education Publishing. 2012. 368 p.
2. ↵
   1. Mehrabian A

   . Silent messages. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. 1971. 152 p.
3. ↵
   1. Kearney P,
   2. Plax TG,
   3. Smith VR,
   4. Sorensen G

   . Effects of teacher immediacy and strategy type on college student resistance to on-task demands. Commun Educ. 1988: 37(1); 54-67.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Richmond VP,
   2. Smith RS,
   3. Heisel AD,
   4. McCroskey JC

   . Immediacy in the physician/patient relationship. Communication Research Reports. (2001)18, 211-216.

   OpenUrl
5. ↵
   1. Mandal F

   . Nonverbal communication in humans. J Hum Behave Soc Environ. 2014; 24(4): 417-421

   OpenUrl
6. ↵
   1. Treven JJ,
   2. Hanson TL

   . The impact of teacher immediacy and perceived caring on teacher competence and trustworthiness. Commun Q. 2004; 51(1): 39–53.

   OpenUrl
7. ↵
   1. Mehrabian A

   , Nonverbal Communication. Chicago IL: Aldine-Atherton, 1972. 235 p.
8. ↵
   1. Floyd K

   . Empathic listening as an expression of interpersonal affection. The Intl J Listen 2014; 28: 1-12

   OpenUrl
9. ↵
   1. Rogers C

   . Empathic – an unappreciated way of being. Couns Psychol 1975; 5:2–10.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
10. ↵
    1. Ogle J,
    2. Bushnell JA,
    3. Caputi P

    . Empathy is related to clinical competence in medical care. Med Educ. 2013; 47(8): 824-831

    OpenUrlPubMed
11. ↵
    1. Friedman HS

    . Nonverbal communication between patients and medical practitioners. J Soc Issues. 1979: 35(1); 82-99

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Borgstrom M

    . Automatic mimicry reactions as related to differences in emotional empathy. Scand J Psychol [Internet]. 2002 12 [cited 2/20/2015 2:18:00 PM];43(5):433-43. Available from: http://search.eb-scohost.com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=12414816&site=eds-live

    OpenUrl
13. 1. Hack T

    . Forming impressions: Effects of facial expression and gender stereotypes. Psychol Rep [Internet]. 2014 04 [cited 2/20/2015 2:14:55 PM];114(2):557-71. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=24897907&site=eds-live

    OpenUrl
14. ↵
    1. LaFrance M,
    2. Hecht M

    . Automatic mimicry reactions as related to differences in emotional empathy. Scand J Psychol [Internet]. 2002 12 [cited 2/20/2015 2:18:00 PM];43(5):433-43. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=12414816&site=eds-live

    OpenUrl
15. ↵
    1. LaFrance M,
    2. Hecht M

    . Why smiles generate leniency. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 1995; 21(3): 207-214

    OpenUrlAbstract
16. ↵
    1. McCarthy B

    . Patients' perceptions of how healthcare providers communicate with them and their families following a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Eur J Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2014 [cited 7/11/2015 11:21:56 AM];18:452-8. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edselp&AN=S1462388914000738&site=eds-live

    OpenUrl
17. ↵
    1. Gupta N

    . Effective body language in organizations, IUP J Soft Skills. 2013; 7(1): 35-44.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Furnham A,
    2. Chan P,
    3. Willson E

    . What to wear? the influence of attire on the perceived professionalism of dentists and lawyers. J Appl Soc Psychol [Internet]. 2013;43(9):1838-1850.

    OpenUrl
19. ↵
    1. Gherardi G,
    2. Cameron J,
    3. West A,
    4. Crossley M

    . Are we dressed to impress? A descriptive survey assessing patients' preference of doctors' attire in the hospital setting. Clin Med. 2009: 9(6); 519–524

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
20. ↵
    1. Cocksedge S,
    2. George B,
    3. Renwick S,
    4. Chew-Graham CA

    . Touch in primary care consultations. J R Coll Gen Pract. 2013: 63(609); 283–290.

    OpenUrl
21. ↵
    1. Velez J,
    2. Cano J

    . The relationship between teacher immediacy and student motivation, J Agric Educ. 2008; 49(3): 76-86

    OpenUrl
22. ↵
    1. Peart NA,
    2. Campbell FA

    . At-risk students' perceptions of teacher effectiveness. J Just Caring Educ.1999; 5(3):269–284.

    OpenUrl
23. ↵
    1. Kher N,
    2. Molstad S,
    3. Donahue R

    . Using humor in the college classroom to enhance teaching effectiveness in ‘dread courses’. Coll Stud J. 1999: 33(3); 400.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Fovet F

    . The use of humour in classroom interventions with students with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. Emot Behav Diffic [Internet]. 2009 11/11; 2015/02 [cited 2/20/2015 2:38:50 PM];14(4):275-89. Available from: http://www-tandfonline-com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/doi/abs/10.1080/13632750903303104

    OpenUrl
25. ↵
    1. Imhof M

    . Listening to voices and judging people. The Intl J Listen 2010; 24:19-33

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Tremayne P

    . Using humour to enhance the nurse-patient relationship. Nurs Stand [Internet]. 2014 03/26 [cited 7/11/2015 8:59:22 PM];28(30):37-40. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2012520245&site=eds-live

    OpenUrl
27. ↵
    1. McCroskey JC

    . An introduction to rhetorical communication 8th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall Publishing. 2001. 269-288
28. ↵
    1. Woolbert CH

    . Effects of various modes of public reading. J Appl Psychol [Internet]. 1920 06;4(2-3):162-85. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=1926-05021-001&site=eds-live

    OpenUrl
29. ↵
    1. Markel NN

    . The reliability of coding paralanguage: Pitch, loudness, and tempo. J Verbal Learning Verbal Behav [Internet]. 1965;4(4):306-8. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=1966-02846-001&site=eds-live

    OpenUrl
30. ↵
    1. Tejero LMS

    . The mediating role of the nurse-patient dyad bonding in bringing about patient satisfaction. J Adv Nurs [Internet]. 2012 05 [cited 7/11/2015 6:10:21 PM];68(5):994-1002. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2011487985&site=ehost-live

    OpenUrl