Comparison of Muscle Activity Associated with Structural Differences in Dental Hygiene Mirrors

References

1. 1. Lalumandier JA,
   2. McPhee SD

   . revalence and risk factors of hand problems and carpal tunnel syndrome among dental hygienists. J Dent Hyg. 2001;75(2): 130-34.

   OpenUrlPubMed
2. 1. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
   2. US Department of Labor

   ,. Special Report. Washington (DC): US Department of Labor; 2004. June28.
3. 1. Anton D,
   2. Rosecrane J,
   3. Merlino L,
   4. Cook T

   . Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and carpal tunnel syndrome among dental hygienists. Am J Ind Med. 2002. Sept;43(2): 248-57.

   OpenUrl
4. 1. Shenkar O,
   2. Mann J,
   3. Shevach A,
   4. Ever-Hadani P,
   5. Weiss P

   . Prevalence and risk factors of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder in dental hygienists. Work. 1998. Nov;11(3): 263-75.

   OpenUrlPubMed
5. 1. Rice VJ,
   2. Nindl B,
   3. Pentikis JS

   . Dental workers, musculoskeletal cumulative trauma, and carpal tunnel syndrome: who is at risk? a pilot study. Int J Occup Saf and Ergon. 1996;2(3): 218-33.

   OpenUrl
6. 1. Liss GM,
   2. Jesin E,
   3. Kusiak RA,
   4. White P

   . Musculoskeletal problems among Ontario dental hygienists. Am J Ind Med. 1995. Oct;28(4): 521-40.

   OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
7. 1. Morse TF,
   2. Dillon C,
   3. Warren N,
   4. Levenstein C,
   5. Warren A

   . The economic and social consequences of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: the Connecticut upper-extremity surveillance project (CUSP). Int J Occup Environ Health.. 1998. Oct-Dec;4(4): 209-16.

   OpenUrlPubMed
8. 1. Spielholz P,
   2. Silverstein B,
   3. Morgan M,
   4. Checkoway H,
   5. Kaufman J

   . Comparison of self-report, video observation, and direct measurement methods for upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder physical risk factors. Ergonomics. 2001. May;44(66): 588-613.

   OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
9. 1. Rempel D,
   2. Keir PJ,
   3. Smutz WP,
   4. Hargens A

   . Effects of static fingertip loading on carpal tunnel pressure. J Orthop Res. 1997. May;15(3): 422-6.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 1. Seradge H,
    2. Jia YC,
    3. Owens W

    . In vivo measurement of carpal tunnel pressure in the functioning hand. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1995. Sep;20(5): 855-59.

    OpenUrl
11. 1. Armstong TJ

    . Circulatory and local muscle responses to static manual work [PhD dissertation]. 1976. Ann Arbor (MI). The University of Michigan.
12. 1. Chao EY,
    2. Opegrand JD,
    3. Axmear FE

    . Three-dimensional force analysis of finger joints in selected isometric hand functions. J Biomech. 1976;9(6): 387-96.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 1. Armstong TJ,
    2. Chaffin DB

    . Some biomechanical aspects of the carpal tunnel. J Biomech. 1979;12(7): 567-70.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. Thumb arthritis [homepage on the Internet]. Jacksonville, FL: Southeastern Hand Center; [cited 2004 June 28]. Available from: www.handsurgery.com/arthritis.html.
15. 1. Horstman SW,
    2. Horstman BC,
    3. Horstman FS

    . Ergonomic risk factors associated with the practice of dental hygiene: a preliminary study. Prof Safety. 1997. Apr;42: 49-53.

    OpenUrl
16. 1. Stentz TL,
    2. Riley MW,
    3. Harn SA,
    4. Sposato RC,
    5. Stockstill J,
    6. Harn JA

    . Upper extremity altered sensations in dental hygienists. Int J Ind Ergon. 1994. Apr;13(2): 107-12.

    OpenUrl
17. 1. Michalak-Turcotte C

    . Controlling dental hygiene work-related musculoskeletal disorders: the ergonomic process. J Dent Hyg. 2000. Winter;74(1): 41-48.

    OpenUrlPubMed
18. 1. Sanders MA,
    2. Turcotte CM

    . Strategies to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders in dental hygienists: two case studies. J Hand Ther. 2002. Oct-Dec;15(4): 363-74.

    OpenUrlPubMed
19. 1. Akesson I,
    2. Hansson GA,
    3. Balogh I,
    4. Moritz U,
    5. Skerfving S

    . Quantifying work load in neck, shoulders and wrists in female dentists. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;69(6): 461-74.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 1. National Research Council

    . Work related musculoskeletal disorders: a review of the evidence. Washington (DC): National Academy Press; 1998. 1-5.
21. 1. Winzeler S,
    2. Rosenstein BD

    . Occupational injury and illness of the thumb. causes and solutions. AAOHNJ. 1996. Oct;44(10): 487-92.

    OpenUrl
22. 1. Meador H

    . The biocentric technique: A guide to avoiding occupational pain. J Dent Hyg. 1993. Jan;67(1): 38-51.

    OpenUrlPubMed
23. 1. Liskiewicz ST,
    2. Kerschbaum WE

    . Cummulative trauma disorders: an ergonomic approach for prevention. J Dent Hyg. 1997. Summer;71(4): 162-7.

    OpenUrlPubMed
24. 1. van der Beek AJ,
    2. Frings-Dresen MH

    . Assessment of mechanical exposure in ergonomic epidemiology. Occup Environ Med. 1998. May;55(5): 291-9.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
25. 1. Cram JR,
    2. Kasman GS,
    3. Holtz J

    . Introduction to surface electromyography. Gaithersburg (MD): Aspen Publishing; 1998. 5-7, 46-57, 316-29.
26. 1. Hermens HJ,
    2. Freriks B,
    3. Disselhorst-Klug C,
    4. Rau G

    . Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000. Oct;10(5): 361-74.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
27. 1. Basmajian JV,
    2. DeLuca CJ,
    3. Butler J

    . Muscles alive: their functions revealed by electromyography. (5thed). Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; 1985. 125- 29, 168- 86.
28. Consumer Information [homepage on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): The American Occupational Therapy Association Inc; [cited 200 Feb 28]. Available from: h http://www.aota.org/featured/area6/index.asp.
29. 1. Nield JS

    . Fundamentals of periodontal instrumentation and advanced root instrumentation. (5thed). Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. 14- 21.
30. 1. Kirk RE

    . Experimental design: procedures for the behavioral sciences. (2nded). Belmont (CA): Brooks/Cole; 1982. 64, 180- 2, 444- 5.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. Hagg GM,
    2. Luttmann A,
    3. Jager M

    . Methodologies for evaluating electromyographic field data in ergonomics. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000. Oct;10(5): 301-12.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. 1. Johannsson RS,
    2. Cole KJ

    . Sensory-motor coordination during grasping and manipulative actions. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1992. Dec;2(6): 815-23.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. 1. Santello M,
    2. Flanders M,
    3. Soechting JF

    . Patterns of hand motion during grasping and the influence of sensory guideance. J Neurosci. 2000. Feb;22(4): 1426-35.

    OpenUrl
34. 1. Chaffin D,
    2. Andersson G

    . Occupational Ergonomics. Brisbane: John Wiley & Sons; 1984. 366.