The Effects of the Traditional Scaling Technique Versus a Modified Scaling Technique on Muscle Activity and Pinch Force Generation: A pilot study

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Ng A,
   2. Hayes MJ,
   3. Polster A.

   Musculoskeletal disorders and working posture among dental and oral health students. Healthcare. 2016 Mar;4(1):13.

   OpenUrl
2. 2.
   1. Fish DR,
   2. Morris-Allen DM.

   Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. NY State Dent J. 1998 Apr;64(4):44-8.

   OpenUrl
3. 3.
   1. Kumar DK,
   2. Rathan N,
   3. Mohan S, et al.

   Exercise prescriptions to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Jul;8(7):Ze13-16.

   OpenUrl
4. 4.
   1. Lindfors P,
   2. von Thiele U,
   3. Lundberg U.

   Work characteristics and upper extremity disorders in female dental health workers. J Occup Health. 2006 Feb;48(3):192-97.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
5. 5.
   1. Nordander C,
   2. Ohlsson K,
   3. Akesson I,
   4. Arvidsson I,
   5. Balogh I,
   6. Hansson GA,
   7. Stromberg U,
   8. Rittner R,
   9. Skerfving S.

   Risk of musculoskeletal disorders among females and males in repetitive/constrained work. Ergon. 2009 Oct;52(10):1226-39.

   OpenUrl
6. 6.↵
   1. Rempel D,
   2. Lee DL,
   3. Dawson K,
   4. Loomer P.

   The effects of periodontal curette handle weight and diameter on arm pain: A four-month randomized controlled trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012 Oct;143(10):1105-13.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

   . Ergonomics. [Internet]. Washington (DC): 2019; [cited 2019 Jun 4]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/.
8. 8.
   1. Johnson CR,
   2. Kanji Z.

   The impact of occupation-related musculoskeletal disorders on dental hygienists. Can J Dent Hyg. 2016 Jun;50(2):72-79.

   OpenUrl
9. 9.
   1. Lietz J,
   2. Kozak A,
   3. Nienhaus A.

   Prevalence and occupational risk factors of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals in western countries: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018 Dec;13(12):e0208628.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.
    1. Warren N.

    Causes of musculoskeletal disorders in dental hygienists and dental hygiene students: A study of combined biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors. Work. 2010 Jan;35(4):441-54.

    OpenUrl
11. 11.
    1. La Delfa NJ,
    2. Grondin DE,
    3. Cox J,
    4. Potvin JR,
    5. Howarth SJ.

    The biomechanical demands of manual scaling on the shoulders and neck of dental hygienists. Ergon. 2017 Jan;60(1):127-37.

    OpenUrl
12. 12.↵
    1. Hayes M,
    2. Smith D,
    3. Taylor J.

    Musculoskeletal disorders in a 3 year longitudinal cohort of dental hygiene students. J Dent Hyg. 2014 Feb;88(1):36-41.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Hayes MJ,
    2. Cockrell D,
    3. Smith DR.

    A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals. Int J Dent Hyg. 2009 Aug;7(3):159-65.

    OpenUrlPubMed
14. 14.
    1. Morse T,
    2. Bruneau H,
    3. Michalak-Turcotte C,
    4. Sanders M,
    5. Warren N,
    6. Dussetschleger J,
    7. Diva U,
    8. Croteau M,
    9. Cherniack M.

    Musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and shoulder in dental hygienists and dental hygiene students. J Dent Hyg. 2007 Jan 1;81(1):10-26.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Hayes MJ,
    2. Taylor JA,
    3. Smith DR.

    Predictors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental hygienists. Int J Dent Hyg. 2012 Nov;10(4):265-69.

    OpenUrlPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Hayes MJ,
    2. Smith DR, and
    3. Cockrell D.

    An international review of musculoskeletal disorders in the dental hygiene profession. Int J Dent Hyg. 2010 Oct;60(5), 343-52.

    OpenUrl
17. 17.↵
    1. Dong H,
    2. Loomer P,
    3. Barr A, et al.

    The effect of tool handle shape on hand muscle load and pinch force in a simulated dental scaling task. Appl Ergon. 2007 Sep;38(5):525-31.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Dong H,
    2. Loomer P,
    3. Villanueva A,
    4. Rempel D.

    Pinch forces and instrument tip forces during periodontal scaling. J Periodontol. 2007 Jan;78(1):97-103.

    OpenUrlPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Hayes MJ.

    The effect of stainless steel and silicone instruments on hand comfort and strength: A pilot study. J Dent Hyg. 2017 Apr;91(2):40-44.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
20. 20.↵
    1. Villanueva A,
    2. Dong H,
    3. Rempel D.

    A biomechanical analysis of applied pinch force during periodontal scaling. J Biomech. 2007 Jan;40(9):1910-15.

    OpenUrlPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Simmer-Beck M,
    2. Bray KK,
    3. Branson B, et al.

    Comparison of muscle activity associated with structural differences in dental hygiene mirrors. J Dent Hyg. 2006 Jan;80(1):8.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
22. 22.↵
    1. Bramson JB,
    2. Smith S,
    3. Romagnoli G.

    Evaluating dental office ergonomic. Risk factors and hazards. J Am Dent Assoc. 1998 Feb;129(2):174-83.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    1. Dong H,
    2. Barr A,
    3. Loomer P, et al.

    The effects of periodontal instrument handle design on hand muscle load and pinch force. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Aug;137(8):1123-30.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
24. 24.↵
    1. Suedbeck JR,
    2. Tolle SL,
    3. McCombs G, et al.

    Effects of instrument handle design on dental hygienists’ forearm muscle activity during scaling. J Dent Hyg. 2017 Jun;91(3):47-54.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    1. Gorokhovsky V,
    2. Heckerman B,
    3. Watson P,
    4. Bekesch N.

    The effect of multilayer filtered arc coatings on mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and performance of periodontal dental instruments. Surf Coat Technol. 2006 May 8;200(18-19):5614-30.

    OpenUrl
26. 26.↵
    1. American Eagle

    . XP technology [Internet]. Missoula, MT. N.D. [Cited 2020 Aug 13] Available at: https://am-eagle.com/product-information/xp-technology
27. 27.↵
    1. American Eagle Inc.

    How to use XP technology hygiene instruments [Internet]. Missoula (MT): American Eagle Inc; 2019; [cited 2019 Jun 4]. Available from: http://am-eagle.com/assets/documents/How-to-properly-use-XP.pdf.
28. 28.↵
    1. Burden A,
    2. Bartlett R.

    Normalisation of emg amplitude: An evaluation and comparison of old and new methods. Med Eng Phys. 1999 May;21(4):247-57.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.
    1. Netto KJ,
    2. Burnett AF.

    Reliability of normalisation methods for emg analysis of neck muscles. Work. 2006 Jan;26(2):123-30.

    OpenUrl
30. 30.
    1. Bolgla LA,
    2. Uhl TL.

    Reliability of electromyographic normalization methods for evaluating the hip musculature. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2007 Feb;17(1):102-11.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
31. 31.↵
    1. Osborn JB,
    2. Newell KJ,
    3. Rudney JD,
    4. Stoltenberg JL.

    Carpal tunnel syndrome among Minnesota dental hygienists. J Dent Hyg. 1990 Feb;64(2):79-85.

    OpenUrlPubMed
32. 32.↵
    1. Dong H,
    2. Barr A,
    3. Loomer P,
    4. Rempel D.

    The effects of finger rest positions on hand muscle load and pinch force in simulated dental hygiene work. J Dent Ed. 2005 Apr;69(4):453-60.

    OpenUrl
33. 33.↵
    1. Dong H,
    2. Loomer P,
    3. Barr A, et al.

    The effect of tool handle shape on hand muscle load and pinch force in a simulated dental scaling task. App Ergon. 2007 Sep 1;38(5):525-31.

    OpenUrl
34. 34.↵
    1. Hayes MJ,
    2. Smith DR,
    3. Cockrell D.

    An international review of musculoskeletal disorders in the dental hygiene profession. Int J Dent. 2010 Oct;60(5):343-52.

    OpenUrl
35. 35.↵
    1. Kao SY.

    Carpal tunnel syndrome as an occupational disease. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2003 Nov;16(6):533-42.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text