This study describes the prevalence and distribution of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders occurring in New South Wales dentists and investigates the relationship between these symptoms and work practices. Four hundred and forty two members of the Australian Dental Association (New South Wales Branch), were randomly selected and sent questionnaires. Eighty per cent (n = 355) responded. No significant differences in reported symptoms were found when considering age, experience, handedness, operating position or period of working without a break. Eighty-two per cent of the respondents reported experiencing one or more musculoskeletal symptoms during the previous month. Sixty-four per cent of the sample reported suffering pain (the majority reported back pain) and 58 per cent headaches. Most severe symptoms reported were pain (39%) and headaches (25%). Those in the youngest age category of less than 35 years (26%), were significantly more likely to have headaches (chi 2 4df p < 0.05). Female dentists were more likely to rate the severity of their most severe symptom higher (chi 2 1df p < 0.05), and to report more frequent pain (chi 2 2df p < 0.05) and headaches (chi 2 2df p < 0.05). Those practising four-handed dentistry were significantly more likely to be in the 35-44 age range (chi 2 4df p < 0.01), to work for longer periods before taking a 10-minute break (chi 2 5df p < 0.05) and to report frequent pain (chi 2 2df p < 0.05). The results support the findings of previous studies conducted overseas but additional information about musculoskeletal symptoms in this occupational group has been identified.