The oral cavity of elderly patients in diabetesLa cavité buccale du diabétique âgé

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1262-3636(07)80053-XGet rights and content

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a common and growing global health problem leading to several complications. Among these periodontal diseases are considered as the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. This article reviews the relationship between diabetes and oral health, particularly focusing on periodontal diseases, dental caries and xerostomia. There is a bidirectional interrelationship between diabetes and periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is more prevalent and severe in patients with diabetes than in normal population. Therapy of periodontal infection contributes to a positive glycaemic control management and enables reduction of the burden of complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetics have an increased predisposition to the manifestation of oral diseases like candidiasis which is associated with poor glycaemic control and therapeutic dentures. This predisposition also contributes to xerostomia, which may be due to increased glucose levels in oral fluids or immune dysregulation.

Résumé

Le diabète constitue un problème de santé générale en constante augmentation qui génère plusieurs complications dont les maladies parodontales, considérées comme la sixième complication du diabète. Cet article étudie les relations entre le diabète et la santé buccodentaire, et plus particulièrement les maladies parodontales, la carie dentaire et la xérostomie.

Il existe une relation bidirectionnelle entre le diabète et les maladies parodontales. Les pathologies parodontales sont plus fréquentes et plus sévères chez les patients diabétiques que chez les non-diabétiques. En outre, le traitement des infections parodontales contribue à un meilleur contrôle de la glycémie et permet de prévenir d'autres complications liées au diabète.

Les patients diabétiques présentent une prédisposition à des pathologies buccales comme les candidoses qui sont associées à un mauvais contrôle de la glycémie et au port de prothèses dentaires. Cette prédisposition favorise également la xérostomie, qui semble être liée soit à des niveaux élevés de glucose dans les fluides oraux, soit à un dérèglement immunitaire.

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