Measuring dependence in smokeless tobacco users☆
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Cited by (78)
Efficacy of standard nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) versus video-assisted nurse-led NRT on tobacco cessation: A randomized controlled pilot trial
2021, Clinical Epidemiology and Global HealthSmokeless tobacco treatment: Measures, interventions, recommendations, and future directions
2020, Smokeless Tobacco Products: Characteristics, Usage, Health Effects, and Regulatory ImplicationsEvaluation of tobacco dependence measures in South Asian smokeless tobacco users
2019, Drug and Alcohol DependenceCitation Excerpt :FTND-ST with six items has demonstrated superior psychometric properties compared to other variants of FTND (Ebbert et al., 2006). Although FTQ, FTND, and their variants for ST dependence are continuous measures and provide more insight into the mechanism of dependence but these scales only evaluate physical dependence and does not examine other salient features of dependence (Boyle et al., 1995; Ebbert et al., 2006; Ferketich et al., 2007; Piper et al., 2004). In order to address the shortcomings of the other approaches to measure ST dependence, more recently, multidimensional scales have been developed to study ST dependence.
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2017, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :Similar differential sensitivity of time to first cigarette (TTFC) and number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) has been observed in smoking dependence studies (Heatherton et al., 1989). Our findings resonate with the results of the modified FTQ based studies of ST dependence, which reported that TTFD and CPW were significantly associated with cotinine (Boyle et al., 1995; Ebbert et al., 2006). Unlike the response categories used in the current study for these items, modified FTQ assessed TTFD as a dichotomous variable “ST use within 30 min of waking” and CPW has three response categories; 2 or less, 3–4, and > 4 cans per week.
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Preparation of this report was supported by DA 501308 and DA 05844 awarded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.