Abstract
Although a body of research has targeted predictors of well-being and depression in old age, the consideration of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as a predictor of these major psychosocial endpoints has been rare in the previous literature. The objective of this study was to test whether OHRQoL is associated with well-being and depression, after controlling for relevant confounders; also, the mediating role of subjective health, a major predictor of both well-being and depression, has been explored. OHRQoL was measured by two commonly used assessment instruments, the geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI) and oral health impact profile (OHIP); well-being was assessed by the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) and depression by the self-rating depression scale (SDS). We used a subsample of 197 participants from the older cohort (1930–1932) of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development. Regression models and structural equations modeling (SEM) were used for the test for study variable relationships. Both GOHAI and OHIP revealed significant associations to both PGCMS and SDS at the bivariate level. In regression analyses considering gender, household situation, subjective health, and both OHRQoL indicators, only OHIP remained a significant predictor of well-being and depression. In addition, supportive evidence for a mediating role of subjective health regarding the linkage between OHRQoL and an overall latent construct of well-being was found in the SEM analysis. In conclusion, OHRQoL is significantly linked with well-being and depression in old age, while subjective health is able to mediate the relationship. The generally underrated role of OHRQoL with respect to well-being and depression in late adulthood deserves more attention.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Locker D, Allen F (2007) What do measures of ‘oral health-related quality of life’ measure? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 35:401–411
Slade GD, Spencer AJ (1994) Development and evaluation of the oral health impact profile. Community Dent Health 11:3–11
Atchison KA, Dolan TA (1990) Development of the geriatric oral health assessment index. J Dent Educ 54:680–687
Allen PF, McMillan AS, Walshaw D, Locker D (1999) A comparison of the validity of generic- and disease-specific measures in the assessment of oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 27:344–352
Zimmer S, Bergmann N, Gabrun E, Barthel C, Raab W, Rüffer JU (2010) Association between oral health-related and general health-related quality of life in subjects attending dental offices in Germany. J Public Health Dent 70:167–170
Slade GD, Spencer AJ, Locker D, Hunt RJ, Strauss RP, Beck JD (1996) Variations in the social impact of oral conditions among older adults in South Australia, Ontario, and North Carolina. J Dent Res 75:1439–1450
Slade GD, Nuttall N, Sanders AE, Steele JG, Allen PF, Lahti S (2005) Impacts of oral disorders in the United Kingdom and Australia. Br Dent J 198:489–493
Carter K, Stewart J (2002) National dental telephone survey 1999. AIHW Cat. No. DEN 109. AIHW Dental Statistics and Research Unit, Adelaide
Savolainen J, Suominen-Taipale AL, Hausen H, Harju P, Uutela A, Martelin T, Knuuttila M (2005) Sense of coherence as a determinant of the oral health-related quality of life: a national study in Finnish adults. Eur J Oral Sci 113:121–127
John MT, Koepsell TD, Hujoel P, Miglioretti DL, LeResche L, Micheelis W (2004) Demographic factors, denture status and oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 32:125–132
Hassel AJ, Rolko C, Leisen J, Schmitter M, Rexroth W, Leckel M (2007) Oral health-related quality of life and somatization in the elderly. Qual Life Res 16:253–261
Klages U, Esch M, Wehrbein H (2005) Oral health impact in patients wearing removable prostheses: relations to somatization, pain sensitivity, and body consciousness. Int J Prosthodont 18:106–111
Kressin NR, Reisine S, Spiro A 3rd, Jones JA (2001) Is negative affectivity associated with oral quality of life? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 29:412–423
Baker SR, Pankhurst CL, Robinson PG (2006) Utility of two oral health-related quality-of-life measures in patients with xerostomia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 34:351–362
Baker SR, Pankhurst CL, Robinson PG (2007) Testing relationships between clinical and non-clinical variables in xerostomia: a structural equation model of oral health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res 16:297–308
Diener E, Suh EM, Lucas RE, Smith HL (1999) Subjective well-being: three decades of progress. Psychol Bull 125:276–302
George LK (2006) Perceived quality of life. In: Binstock RH, George LK (eds) Handbook of aging and the social sciences, 6th edn. Academic, Burlington, pp 321–336
Smith J, Baltes PB (1999) Trends and profiles of psychological functioning in very old age. In: Baltes PB, Mayer KU (eds) The Berlin aging study aging from 70 to 100. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 197–226
Martin M, Grunendahl M, Martin P (2001) Age differences in stress, social resources, and well-being in middle and older age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 56:214–222
Hassel AJ, Rolko C, Koke U, Leisen J, Rammelsberg P (2008) A German version of the GOHAI. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 36:34–42
John MT, Miglioretti DL, LeResche L, Koepsell TD, Hujoel P, Micheelis W (2006) German short forms of the oral health impact profile. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 34:277–288
Cortina JM (1993) What is coefficient alpha? Examination of theory and applications. J Appl Psychol 78:98–104
Lawton MP (1975) The Philadelphia geriatric center morale scale: a revision. J Gerontol 30:85–89
Zung WWK (1965) A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 12:63–70
Bollen KA (1989) Structural equations with latent variables. Wiley, New York
Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling 6:1–55
Muthén LK, Muthén BO (2007) Mplus user's guide, 5th edn. Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles
Walker A, Lowenstein A (2009) European perspectives on quality of life in old age. Eur J Ageing 6:61–66
Hassel AJ, Rolko C, Grossmann AC, Ohlmann B, Rammelsberg P (2007) Correlations between self-ratings of denture function and oral health-related quality of life in different age groups. Int J Prosthodont 20:242–244
Inukai M, Baba K, John MT, Igarashi Y (2008) Does removable partial denture quality affect individuals' oral health? J Dent Res 87:736–739
Wong MC, McMillan AS (2005) Tooth loss, denture wearing and oral health-related quality of life in elderly Chinese people. Community Dent Health 22:156–161
Ekanayake L, Perera I (2004) The association between clinical oral health status and oral impacts experienced by older individuals in Sri Lanka. J Oral Rehabil 31:831–836
Locker D (2003) Dental status, xerostomia and the oral health-related quality of life of an elderly institutionalized population. Spec Care Dent 23:86–93
Acknowledgements
The ILSE study has been funded by Germany's Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth (AZ: 301-1720-295/2) and VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Säckingen, Germany.
Conflict of interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hassel, A.J., Danner, D., Schmitt, M. et al. Oral health-related quality of life is linked with subjective well-being and depression in early old age. Clin Oral Invest 15, 691–697 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-010-0437-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-010-0437-3